calculate the empirical formula for each natural flavor based on its elemental mass percent composition:?

a. methyl butyrate (component of apple taste and smell):
C 58.80%, H 9.87%, O 31.33%

b, vanillin (responsible for the taste and smell of vanilla):
C 63.15%, H 5.30%, O 31.55%

explain, please!
thank you!

Generally: divide the mass percent by the molar masses to get the formula.

a: C – 58.8/12 = 4.9, H – 9.87/1 = 9.87, O – 31.33/16 = 1.96

Then divide by the smallest amount to get a ratio

C – 4.9/1.96 = 2.5, H – 9.87/1.96 = 5.0, O – 1.0

Then multiply to get whole numbers (here with 2) and you get C5H10O2

If you do the same for vanillin (try it out!), you’ll get C8H8O3.

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